Flow chemistry provides an opportunity for better control over the conditions of the reaction and, additionally, improved reaction selectivity and enhanced reproducibility.
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However, because of the challenges in scaling-up, it has been difficult to apply a photochemical reaction in an industrial process. The research area of synthetic organic photochemistry is a powerful tool for creating both natural products and molecules with high structural complexity, in a simple way and under mild conditions. The results of this study depicted that UV-LED is a viable alternative to replace UV-mercury-based lamp in the coating industry. Gel fraction of the coating also measured and higher gel fraction values, > 98% in this study was associated with higher cross-linking density. It was also observed that the tackiness of the coating reduced via UV-LED irradiation, suggesting higher conversion of monomers. In term of C=C conversion, UV-LED irradiation showed better results with 97-99% than UV-mercury irradiation which is 86-96%. From the ATR-FTIR spectra, the C=C absorption peak at 810 cm- cm-1 was found to be decreased after UV irradiation, indicated the proceeding of the polymerisation reaction. The effect of irradiation time on curing behaviour was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the percentage of C=C conversion was calculated. The UV-curable coating was prepared based on aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and commercial photoinitiator. This paper presents the effect of UV-LED and UV-mercury as the light source toward curing behaviour of urethane acrylate coating.
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It is hoped that this report provides a valuable update on this important field of synthetic chemistry which may fuel developments in the future. A final section outlines remaining challenges and areas that will benefit from further developments in this fast-moving area. Dedicated sections present the variety of suitable reactor designs and setups available a short discussion on the relevance of greener and more sustainable approaches and selected key applications in the area of bioactive structures. To this end we highlight key developments in this field that have contributed to the progress achieved to date. In this focused review article, we wish to evaluate the standing of the field of continuous flow photochemistry with a specific emphasis on the generation of bioactive entities, including natural products, drugs and their precursors. Additionally, the availability of modern continuous flow reactors has enabled widespread applications in view of more streamlined and custom designed flow processes. The last decade has witnessed a remarkable development towards improved and new photochemical transformations in response to greener and more sustainable chemical synthesis needs.
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Under experimental conditions favoring photobleaching of RB, the photobleaching level of RB was lower with the colloids than with free RB, suggesting that grafting RB molecules onto the colloid can prevent their photodegradation. The reactivity of the supported photosensitizer was maintained for several cycles with a reproducible level after 8 months of storage. The supported RB exhibited reactivity similar to that of free RB. Swollen RB-grafted colloids formed an efficient substrate for converting α-terpinene into ascaridole, providing high conversion with high selectivity under continuous-flow conditions and within short residence times of a few minutes.
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The benchmark photooxygenation of α-terpinene was implemented in ethanol to provide a green solvent using air as a safe supply of oxygen. Experiments were carried out in a light-emitting diode (LED)-driven spiral-shaped microreactor in which slurry Taylor flows were generated, allowing accurate control of irradiation, light absorption, and gas-liquid flow conditions.
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This work studies the reactivity of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinylbenzyl Rose Bengal) microgels () as heterogeneous photosensitizers in a continuous-flow process for sustainable singlet oxygen-sensitized photooxygenation of a bio-based molecule.